Haloperidol is used to treat schizophrenia. It is also used to control motor and speech tics in people with Tourette's syndrome.
Abstract
Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication. It works by changing the actions of chemicals in your brain.
[2]
Brand Names
Einalon S,
Eukystol,
Haldol,
Halosten,
Keselan,
Linton,
Peluces,
Serenace
[2]
Manufacturers
VIBRANTA INC
SANDOZ
TEVA USA
MYLAN
TORRENT PHARMA
QUALITY CARE
PHYSICIANS TC MAJOR PHARMA
ZYDUS PHARMA
[1]
History
Haloperidol was discovered by Paul Janssen. It was developed in 1958 at the Belgian company Janssen Pharmaceutica and submitted to the first of clinical trials in Belgium later that year.
Haloperidol was approved by the FDA on April 12, 1967; it was later marketed in the U.S. and other countries under the brand name Haldol by McNeil Laboratories.
[3]
Uses
Haloperidol is used to treat schizophrenia. It is also used to control motor and speech tics in people with Tourette's syndrome.
[2]
Pharmacology
Haloperidol is a typical butyrophenone type antipsychotic that exhibits high affinity dopamine D2 receptor antagonism and slow receptor dissociation kinetics. Haloperidol's neglible affinity for histamine H1 receptors and muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptors yeilds an antipsychotic with a lower incidence of sedation, weight gain and orthostatic hypotension though higher rates of treatment emergent extra pyramidal symptoms.
The drug is well and rapidly absorbed with a high bioavailability when injected intramuscularly. The decanoate injectable formulation is for intramuscular administration only and is not intended to be used intravenously.
[4]
Schedule
It is not a controlled substance in the US.
Dosage
The dosage depends on the reason why it is prescribed for an individual. In general,
Initial (moderate): 0.5-2 mg q8-12hr
Initial (severe): 3-5 mg q8-12hr
Not to exceed 30 mg/day
[5]
Drug Interactions
Contraindicated interactions with:
amiodarone
arsenic trioxide
astemizole
bepridil
cisapride
disopyramide
ibutilide
indapamide
pentamidine
pimozide
procainamide
quinidine
sotalol
terfenadine
Serious interactions with:
amoxapine
apomorphine
axitinib
bromocriptine
cabergoline
doxepin
dronedarone
droperidol
epinephrine
vabradine
ivacaftor
ketoconazole
levodopa
pergolide
pericyazine
perphenazine
pipotiazine
vandetanib
vemurafenib
ziprasidone
Significant interactions with:
aclidinium
albuterol
alfentanil
alfuzosin
alprazolam
buclizine
buprenorphine
bupropion
butabarbital
carvedilol
celecoxib
chloral hydrate
dolasetron
domperidone
dopamine
dopexamine
isoetharine
isoproterenol
isradipine
ketamine
molindone
morphine
motherwort
moxonidine
nabilone
yohimbine
ziconotide
ziprasidone
zotepine
[6]
Adverse Effects
Dystonia
Muscle Stiffness
NMS (infrequent but serious)
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia
Anticholinergic effects
Sedation
Weight gain
Erectile dysfunction
Oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea
[7]
Contraindications
Documented hypersensitivity; narrow angle glaucoma, bone marrow suppression, severe hypotension
CNS depression (including coma), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), poorly controlled seizure disorder, Parkinson's disease.
[8]
Cautions
Risk of sudden death, Torsades and QT Interval prolongation from off-label IV administration/ higher than recommended dose: monitor ECG if given IV
Conditions/drugs that prolong QT Interval or congenital long QT syndrome
Safety of prolonged admin of 100 mg/d PO not established
FDA Warning regarding off-label use for dementia in elderly
Leukopenia/neutropenia and agranulocytosis reported; possible risk factors for leukopenia/neutropenia include pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) and history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia
If history of clinically significant low WBC or drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia, monitor complete blood count (CBC) frequently during first few months of therapy; discontinue drug at first sign of a clinically significant decline <1000/mm3 in WBC in absence of other causative factors and continue monitoring WBC until recovery.
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Pricing
The pricing varies depending on what form one would like to buy, and the brand.
The 1mg tablet is priced in between $0.44 to $1.97. The prices for 5mg tablet vary from $0.38 to $1.95. The 10mg tablet may be priced in the range of $0.25 to $2.08. The 20mg tablet is priced at $3.45.
[1]
Referenecs
[1] http://reference.medscape.com/drug/haldol-decanoate-haloperidol-342974#90
[2] http://www.drugs.com/mtm/haloperidol.html
[3] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16433054
[4] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9577836
[5] http://reference.medscape.com/drug/haldol-decanoate-haloperidol-342974#0
[6] http://reference.medscape.com/drug/haldol-decanoate-haloperidol-342974#3
[7] http://reference.medscape.com/drug/haldol-decanoate-haloperidol-342974#4
[8] http://reference.medscape.com/drug/haldol-decanoate-haloperidol-342974#5
